How do you define ... &quotDaily active usage&quot seems like a really dangerous term to be optimizing. Taken,你是如何定义……过于美化“每日活跃参与度”这个数值似乎是一件危险的事，taken alone, it is, but you didn&#39t let me finish the other metric, which is, we&#39re watching for conversations and conversation chains.确实，如果你单独讨论这个数值的

We had to get lucky in a lot of different ways. And sometimes, it&#39s better to be lucky than good.在很多方面我们都需要幸运的眷顾。有时，运气比正确操作更重要。In this case, we were both, I like to think. But light had to come from the black hole.我认为这一次，我们不但操作正确，运气也很好。但我们需要接收来自黑洞的光线。It had to come through intergalactic space, th

You&#39ll see here that some light from behind it gets lensed, and some light does a loop-the-loop around the entire orbit of the black hole.你现在看到的是在黑洞后面的一些光透过它，有些光的确会一直绕着黑洞转。But when you get enough light from all this hot gas swirling around the black hole,但如果光足够多，它们来自黑洞周围的高温气体中，then you wind up se

Let&#39s see what you guys are asking. I mean, this is -- generally, one of the amazing things about Twitter is how you can use it for crowd wisdom,让我们看看你们在问什么。我觉得，这是——总体而言，推特的特点之一在于它能够集中大众智慧，you know, that more knowledge, more questions, more points of view than you can imagine, and sometimes, many

This is a very powerful black hole. Not by universal standards, it&#39s still powerful,这是一个强有力的黑洞。虽然不是公认的，但它依然非常强大，and from the north and south poles of this black hole we think that jets are coming.在这个黑洞的北极和南极，我们认为射线正从这两段过来。Now, we&#39re too close to really see all the jet structure, but it&#39s th

Well, do you, though? Because that&#39s the core question that a lot of people want to know.并且——安德森：你是这么想的吗？这是许多人想问的一个核心问题。Surely, Jack, you&#39re constrained, to a huge extent, by the fact that you&#39re a public company, you&#39ve got investors pressing on you,当然，杰克，你在很大程度上受到约束，因为这是一家上市公司，你会收到投资者的

So say EPC. EPC. Say it, EPC! EPC!说EPC！EPC！说EPC！EPC！&quotI like to say it with pride now, when you do it, do it well, and make sure that it counts. You&#39re not down with a discount.&quot“我喜欢自豪地说出来。如果你要偷情，就尽情地去吧，好好享受这其中的激情全没半点折扣。”You down with EPC? Yeah, you know me!你对EPC无法自拔吗？是啊，你懂的！Now, I had alw

We&#39re ordering it the right way, but we&#39re also simplifying the rules so that they&#39re human-readable我们以正确的顺序排列信息，但同时我们也在简化规则，使其简单易懂，so that people can actually understand themselves when something is against our terms and when something is not.这样人们就能理解哪些行为违反了条例，哪些没有。And then we&#39re making

The song is about cheating on your significant other.这首歌是关于出轨的。Now, around the time that this song was in heavy rotation,在这首歌特别流行的时候，biologists were in deep discussion about whether bird species,生物学家们深刻讨论了鸟类，notably songbirds and waterfowl were actually monogamous or not.特别是夜莺和水禽类是否真的是一夫一妻制。See, for

You can&#39t beat the bandwidth of a 747 filled with hard discs.没有哪个网络比一架满载硬盘的波音747飞机更快的了。And so, I guess a few weeks or a few months ago, on a computer screen somewhere, this started to come into view. This moment.那么我猜，在几周或几个月前，在某地一台电脑的显示器上，黑洞的形象在那一刻渐渐成形。Well, it took a long time. I mean, look at t

Just to back up a bit, we asked ourselves a question: Can we actually measure the health of a conversation, and what does that mean?让我们倒回去一点，我们问了自己一个问题：我们是否能测量对话的质量？而对质量的定义又是什么？And in the same way that you have indicators and we have indicators as humans in terms of are we healthy or not,就像你我作为人类会有显

And that took some work. And as we dived into that, we realized some of the issues with the fundamentals.这花了一点时间。当我们开始关注这方面时，我们意识到一些原则性的问题。We could do a bunch of superficial things to address what you&#39re talking about, but we need the changes to last,为了达成你所说的目的，我们可以采取一系列浅层措施，但我们需要找到可持续的改进措施，and t

It&#39s the red circle, that&#39s terrifying. No, really. Black holes really are the central mystery of our age,这个红色的圈太吓人了。你在开玩笑。黑洞可谓是我们这个时代的中心之谜，because that&#39s where the quantum world and the gravitational world come together. What&#39s inside is a singularity.因为它是量子世界与引力世界的交合点。黑洞的中心是一个奇点。And th

Now, hip-hop song references are a really good tool for teaching content to students from hip-hop culture or urban communities.对于教导嘻哈文化背景下，或城市社区背景下的学生，嘻哈的确是个绝佳的工具。And I use it intentionally to connect to those students, tapping into vocabulary that they already know and systems that they already com

Yeah, I mean, I think you&#39re spot on, but that goes back to the incentives. Like,是的，我觉得你讲的正中要害，但这反过来回到了刚才所说的动机问题。one of the choices we made in the early days was we had this number that showed how many people follow you.在早期，我们设计的系统是这样的：系统会显示关注你账号的人数。We decided that number should be big and bold,

How y&#39all doing? Good. I came here to give you a science lesson大家好吗？非常好。今天我想给大家上一堂科学课，about animal mating systems and why defining monogamy has been a challenge for scientists.关于动物交配体系，以及为什么对科学家来说定义一夫一妻制很难。But you won&#39t need a textbook or to download an online lecture.这堂课你们不需要什么课本，也不需要下载讲座视频。A

&quotIt&#39s OPP, time for other people&#39s what you get it there&#39s no room for relationship, there&#39s just room to ...&quot“OPP就是你眼前的人已经属于其他人，没有机会发展恋爱关系，只有机会发展……”Hit it! How many brothers out there know just what I&#39m getting at?性关系！有多少仁兄知道我在说什么？Who thinks it&#39s wrong because I was splitt

Now, it was so bad that this was the headline of the &quotNew York Times&quot science section, August, 1990.这件事情的影响如此广泛，使它成为了《纽约时报》1990年8月刊科学板块的头条。&quotMating for Life? It&#39s not for the Birds or the Bees.&quot We had to come up with new definitions.“终身厮守？鸟类和蜜蜂才不适用。”我们需要想出一个新的定义。The situation wher

What we could do instead is allow you to follow an interest, follow a hashtag, follow a trend, follow a community,我们可以改进的地方在于让你关注一项兴趣爱好，关注一个标签，关注一种趋势，关注一个群体。which gives us the opportunity to show all of the accounts, all the topics, all the moments, all the hashtags通过这种方式，我们可以给你推荐与你兴趣有关的所有账号、所有话题、th

Shep, thank you so much for coming. I think your plane landed literally two hours ago in Vancouver.克里斯·谢普，感谢你的到来。我听说你乘坐的航班两个小时前刚到达温哥华。Such a treat to have you. So, talk us through how do you get from Einstein&#39s equation to a black hole?非常高兴今天你能来这里。那么，给我们讲讲你是如何从爱因斯坦方程式中提取黑洞信息的？Over 100 years ago,

But there&#39s not an amount of people that are scalable, but how many people do you currently have monitoring these accounts, and how do you figure out what&#39s enough?你说从事这项工作的人数永远不够，那么你现在到底雇佣了多少人来监控账号？你怎么知道这些人足够完成任务？They&#39re completely flexible. Sometimes we associate folks with spam. Sometime

and also give our customers a much better and easier approach to handle some of the things that they&#39re seeing.并且为我们的用户打造更好而简便的方法来处理一些问题。So a lot of what we&#39re doing is around technology, but we&#39re also looking at the incentives on the service:所以我们的大部分工作都是围绕科技展开的，但我们同时也在思考这个服务的动机：What does

Well, first and foremost, my personal goal with the service is that I believe fundamentally that public conversation is critical.首先，我对于推特的个人目标来自于我认为公众交流是最关键的。There are existential problems facing the world that are facing the entire world, not any one particular nation-state,世界上有一些问题，不仅仅某个特定国家地区，全世界

And you go, &quotYou know, that is a powerful point, and our ship, frankly, hasn&#39t been built properly for steering as well as it might.&quot然后你回答：“你们知道吗，那是一个巨大的挑战，说实话，我们的船可能不像它看上去的那样可以轻松转向。”And we say, &quotPlease do something.&quot And you go to the bridge, and we&#39re waiting,然后人们说：“请想想办法。”然后

A few years ago, you embarked on this mission to try and actually image one of these things.几年前，你接受这项任务来尝试并且、构想出这些东西的样子。And I guess you took -- you focused on this galaxy way out there. Tell us about this galaxy.我猜——你一直在研究宇宙中的这个星系。给我们介绍一下这个星系吧。This is the galaxy -- we&#39re going to zoom into the ga

So about midway last year, we decided that we were going to apply a lot more machine learning, a lot more deep learning to the problem,大约在去年年中，我们决定更多采用机器学习与深度学习，and try to be a lot more proactive around where abuse is happening, so that we can take the burden off the victim completely. And we&#39ve

And implicit in all four of these is the understanding that, as they increase, the conversation gets healthier and healthier.而这四个指标背后蕴含意思是指标越高，谈话的质量就越高。So our first step is to see if we can measure these online, which we believe we can. We have the most momentum around receptivity.所以第一步是试验是否能在网上检测这些

Being given a means of communication changed everything.有了交流的方式，一切都改变了。I used the power of words and will to challenge the preconceptions of those around me and those I had of myself.我用语言的力量挑战了来自于身边人的和来自于自己的偏见。Communication is what makes us human, enabling us to connect on the deepest level with tho

Seeing my father walk through the door to collect me was the best moment of the day.每次看到父亲穿过大门进来接我的一刻，都是那一天最美好的时候。My mind became a tool that I could use to either close down to retreat from my reality or enlarge into a gigantic space that I could fill with fantasies.我的思维变成了可以被我利用的工具，我抑或压抑思维，用它来逃避现实抑

Moreover, as everyone knows, look -- it&#39s energy, not oil, which counts. And higher oil prices mean a greater incentive to invest in energy R and D.此外，正如大家都知道，能源，而不是石油，是最重要的。而且，油价越高，投资新能源研发的动力越大。You can see this in the data. As oil prices go up, energy patents go up. The world is much better equi