I&#39m here to talk about the next big thing,我在这里要谈论另一件重要事情because what we&#39re finding out is that因为我们发现we have this capacity to report eyewitness accounts of what&#39s going on in real time.我们有能力根据目击者所叙述的真实情况进行实时报道We&#39re seeing this in events like Mumbai recently,就像最近发生在孟买的几起事件让我们意识到这点where it&

So I&#39m here to tell you a story of success from Africa.在这里，我要跟大家分享一个在非洲的成功故事。A year and a half ago,一年半以前four of the five people who are full time members at Ushahidi,在这里的5个人是Ushahidi的专职委员which means &quottestimony&quot in Swahili, were TED Fellows.“Ushahidi”在斯瓦希利语里的意思是“证据”，其中4个人是TED的同道中人A year ag

I&#39m here to talk about the next big thing,我在这里要谈论另一件重要事情because what we&#39re finding out is that因为我们发现we have this capacity to report eyewitness accounts of what&#39s going on in real time.我们有能力根据目击者所叙述的真实情况进行实时报道We&#39re seeing this in events like Mumbai recently,就像最近发生在孟买的几起事件让我们意识到这点where it&

So I&#39m here to tell you a story of success from Africa.在这里，我要跟大家分享一个在非洲的成功故事。A year and a half ago,一年半以前four of the five people who are full time members at Ushahidi,在这里的5个人是Ushahidi的专职委员which means &quottestimony&quot in Swahili, were TED Fellows.“Ushahidi”在斯瓦希利语里的意思是“证据”，其中4个人是TED的同道中人A year ag

You can&#39t do that while you&#39re texting, and so ways are developing of doing it within this medium.你没有办法在短信里这么做，所以在这个交流媒介里产生了各种转换话题的方法。All spoken languages have what a linguist calls a new information marker -- or two, or three.任何口语都有语言学家称作的一个或者两到三个的新信息标记词（话题转换词）。Texting has developed one from

Now don&#39t get me wrong, writing has certain advantages.大家不要误会，文字写作确实有它自己的优势。When you write, because it&#39s a conscious process, because you can look backwards,当你写字的时候，因为这是一个有意识的过程，因为你可以回顾过去，you can do things with language that are much less likely if you&#39re just talking.你可以用书面语言来完成一些说话时不会表达的事

And so, for example, there is in texting a convention, which is LOL.比如说，在短信里有这样一个习惯用语，就是LOL。Now LOL, we generally think of as meaning &quotlaughing out loud.&quot我们通常认为LOL的意思是“捧腹大笑”。And of course, theoretically, it does,当然，从理论上看，它确实是这个意思，and if you look at older texts, then people used it to actuall

Take that person from 1993 -- not that long ago,我们让1993年的那个人－这可不算太久远，this is &quotBill and Ted&#39s Excellent Adventure&quot -- those people.那还是“比尔和泰德历险记”（1989年美国电影）时代，Take those people and they read a very typical text written by a 20-year-old today.我们让这些人读现在20岁年轻人写的一段短信。Often they would have no id

Any spoken language that&#39s used by real people has them.任何口语都有这些词语。If you happen to speak Japanese, think about that little word &quotne&quot that you use at the end of a lot of sentences.如果你会说日语的话，想想你在很多句子后面加上的那个“ne”字。If you listen to the way black youth today speak, think about the use of the w

Now of course, as history has gone by,当然，随着历史的演进，it&#39s been natural for there to be a certain amount of bleed between speech and writing.在言语对话和书面文字表达之间有些交集也是很自然的事情。So, for example, in a distant era now,比如说，在以前一个遥远的时代，it was common when one gave a speech to basically talk like writing.当一个人作演讲，说起话来像

We always hear that texting is a scourge.人们总说短信的出现是一种灾难。The idea is that texting spells the decline and fall of any kind of serious literacy, or at least writing ability,这么说的原因是短信降低了人们的读写能力，或者至少是书面表达能力，among young people in the United States and now the whole world today.这个问题影响着美国青年人，今天也变成了全球问题。The

Or you can go all the way back to 63 A.D.或者大家可以直接跳转回公元63年。And there&#39s this poor man who doesn&#39t like the way people are speaking Latin.有个可怜人不喜欢人们说拉丁语的方式。As it happens, he was writing about what had become French.实际上，他正在控诉的是日后形成的法语。And so, there are always...there are always people worrying abo

Once you have things in your pocket that can receive that message,一旦你在口袋里有了能接受这个信息的装置，then you have the conditions that allow that we can write like we speak.你就有条件来像说话一样打字了。And that&#39s where texting comes in. And so, texting is very loose in its structure.这时短信就出现了。所以，短信在结构上非常松散。No one thinks about

Think about having surgery.比如做手术。Your doctor has to make sure that you are meaningfully and knowingly consenting to that medical procedure.医生需要确认你了解并同意医疗程序。This is not the type of consent like with an iTunes Terms of Service这可不像你同意iTunes服务条款一样，where you just scroll to the bottom and you&#39re like,

As NYU legal scholar Helen Nissenbaum tells us,正如纽约大学法学者Helen Nissenbaum告诉我们的，we have laws and policies and norms that protect all kinds of information that&#39s private,我们有着法律、政策以及准则，来保护各类私人信息，and it doesn&#39t make a difference if it&#39s digital or not.不论它是不是数字信息。All of your health records are di

Every new media technology raises privacy concerns.每个新的媒体技术都会引起隐私问题。In fact, in the US the very first major debates about privacy were in response to technologies that were relatively new at the time.实际上，在美国，关于隐私的最初辩论是对当时崭新的科技的回应。In the late 1800s, people were worried about cameras, which were just

Jennifer did nothing wrong. All she did was share a nude photo with someone she thought that she could trust.Jennifer没做错什么。她不过将她的裸照分享给了她认为可以信任的人。And yet our laws tell her that she committed a horrible crime equivalent to child pornography.可我们的法律告诉她，她犯了和儿童色情一样可怕的罪行。Our gender norms tell her that by p

According to researchers at the University of New Hampshire根据新罕布什尔大学的调查研究，seven percent of all child pornography possession arrests are teens, sexting consensually with other teens.因儿童色情被捕的人群中，有百分之七都是青少年，而他们都是两厢情愿的发送色情短信。Child pornography is a serious crime, but it&#39s just not the same thing as te

These individual changes can really help us protect each other&#39s privacy, but we need technology companies on board as well.这些个人行为的改变可以帮助我们保护彼此的隐私，但我们同样需要科技公司的帮忙。These companies have very little incentive to help protect our privacy科技公司几乎没有动机来保护我们的隐私，because their business models depend on us sha

People have been using media to talk about sex for a long time.人们借助各种媒体来谈性，这已经有着很长的历史了。Love letters, phone sex, racy Polaroids.比如说情书、电话性爱以及裸照。There&#39s even a story of a girl who eloped with a man that she met over the telegraph in 1886.在1886年，甚至有一个女孩与一个通过电报认识的男子私奔的故事。Today we have sexting, and I a

The key is consent. Right now most people are thinking about sexting without really thinking about consent at all.关键是同意。现在很多人在想着色情短信本身，而完全忽略了“他人的同意”。Did you know that we currently criminalize teen sexting?你们知道我们现在在将青少年发送色情短信违法化吗？It can be a crime because it counts as child pornography,它可以是一个罪犯是由于它可以

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15年前，尼尔-帕普沃思给朋友发了一条&ldquo圣诞快乐&rdquo的短信，世界上第一条短信就这样诞生了。据报道，如今，全球每天有数十亿条短信通过电波传递。短信究竟有何魔力，让人们对它如此&ldquo宠爱&rdquo？短信帮人回避压力一位&ldquo拇指一族&rdquo告诉我：&ldquo不仅我们爱发短信，你看看大街上、地铁中、商场里，哪没有发短信的人？&rdquo短信背后蕴藏着诸多心理因素，一个重要原因是，有些想法更容易用短信表达。从心理学角度分析，直接的语言交流会伴随着人际压力。其一，当你表白某种情感或提出，某项要求时，可不希望遭到拒绝。而短信让人感到，反正把心里想的都发出去了，又不会遭