When a new inhabitant moves into the tower,当一个新的居住者搬进这座大楼，they already have a roof over their head,他们已经有一个可以遮盖的房顶，so they just typically mark their space所以他们通常只是使用with a few curtains or sheets.很小的窗帘和单子来突出他们的地方。Slowly, from found materials, walls rise,慢慢地，从现成的材料，高墙，and people create a space out of an

Another place I&#39d like to share with you另一个我希望和你们分享的地方is the Zabbaleen in Cairo.是在开罗的扎巴林。They&#39re descendants of farmers who began migrating这里的居民是40年代from the upper Egypt in the &#3940s,从埃及上部的地区移居过来的农民的后代，and today they make their living今天他们靠着by collecting and recycling waste from homes从全开罗居民家里

We saw this a couple of decades ago我们在在几世纪之前目睹了这一切的发生。when Teddy Kollek, the great mayor of Jerusalem当耶路撒冷的市长，特迪·科勒克 (Teddy Kollek)in the &#3980s and the &#3990s,在八十和九十年代，was besieged one day in his office被来自于不同背景的宗教领袖by religious leaders from all of the backgrounds,包围在办公室里，Christian prelates, rabbi

Throughout my career, I&#39ve been fortunate enough在我的职业生涯里，我非常幸运的to work with many of the great和很多著名的international architects,国际建筑师一起工作过，documenting their work and observing整理他们的工作，并观察how their designs have the capacity他们的设计是如何有能力to influence the cities in which they sit.去影响其所在的城市。I think of new ci

Moreover, today, more than half of the world&#39s population除此以外，超过世界人口的一半以上live in cities.都居住生活在城市。In the developed world, it&#39s about 78 percent.在发达国家中，这种比例达到了78%。More than three out of four people超过了四分之三的人口live in urban institutions, urban places,居住在城市的机构、场所，in cities today.城市的各个地方。So cities ar

And since we had that meeting three and a half years ago,自从我们三年半前开展这儿会议以来it&#39s been a heck of a roller coaster.真是过山车式的跳跃We started with a seed swap, really simple stuff,我们以种子交易开始，很简单的东西and then we took an area of land, a strip on the side然后我们采用了一片土地，在主干道的of our main road, which was a dog toilet, b

and if you think about the little kid who sits on your lap如果你想像一下，有个小孩坐在你大腿上and who is cozily nested here and very secure and comfortable,他舒服地坐在那里，既安全又舒适and at some point all of us need to go out into the world而在某种程度上，我们每个人都需要走出去to discover and to explore.去发现、去探索.That&#39s the beginning of desire,这就

In love, we want to have, we want to know the beloved.在爱情中，我们想要拥有，我们想要了解我们的爱人We want to minimize the distance. We want to contract that gap.我们想腻在一起，想跨越阻碍We want to neutralize the tensions. We want closeness.我们想调和不安的情绪，我们想亲密无间。But in desire, we tend to not really want to go back to the places we&#39v

I&#39m going to talk about hackers.今天我要谈的是有关黑客的话题。And the image that comes to your mind当我说到“黑客”这个词的时候when I say that word is probably not你脑中所出现的画面可能不会是of Benjamin Franklin,本杰明·富兰克林，but I&#39m going to explain to you why it should be.但我想要告诉你，为什么应该是富兰克林。The image that comes to your mind你脑中出现的画面is prob

One of our graduate students then says, well,我们的一个毕业生说，好吧how does a driverless car communicate with pedestrians?这个无人驾驶的车，怎样提防行人呢？You have nobody to make eye contact with.没有司机看着它啊You don&#39t know if it&#39s going to run you over.也不知道它是不是会把你碾过去So he&#39s developing strategies so the vehicle can所以他在研究

And we tend to fall in love with somebody我们会倾向于from the same socioeconomic background,在同等的社会、经济背景，the same general level of intelligence,同样智力水平，the same general level of good looks,同等的相貌，the same religious values.以及相同的宗教信仰中找到自己的爱人。Your childhood certainly plays a role, but nobody knows how.而童年的经历也会影

We think this can all be standardized, and then people我们觉得这可以标准化can personalize the stuff that goes into that wall,那样人们就可以个性化墙上的其他物品and like the car, we can integrate all kinds of sensing就像那辆车一样，我们能完善各种to be aware of human activity, so if there&#39s a baby or感应人类活动的传感装置，所以a puppy in the way, you won

They also have great capacity.它们有很大的容量For example, this system in Guangzhou例如，这系统在广州is moving more passengers our direction比中国所有的地铁线路than all subway lines in China,能运送更多的乘客except for one line in Beijing,除了北京的一条地铁线at a fraction of the cost.且成本只是地铁的一小部分We fought not just for space for buses,我们不只是为巴士争取

Before I talk about that,谈到这之前I&#39ve written down at the bottom there我在底下标出了the slope of this curve, this straight line.这条曲线的斜率，即这条直线It&#39s three-quarters, roughly,大约为3比4which is less than one -- and we call that sublinear.小于1,呈“次线性”And here&#39s the point of that.这里有一点值得注意It says that, if it were

So I just copied and pasted from my resume.所以我直接把简历，复制粘贴上去So in the descriptive part up top,上面，描述部分I said that I was an award-winning journalist我说我是，获奖记者and a future thinker.和未来思考者When I was asked about fun activities and让我描述兴趣爱好和理想人选my ideal date, I said monetization我填了，赚钱and fluency in Japanese.和日

So knowing that there was superficial data既然公式配对，that was being used to match me up with other people,用的是肤浅信息I decided instead to ask my own questions.我决定，自己问问题What was every single possible thing我要找的，另一半that I could think of that I was looking for in a mate?需要具备，哪些条件呢？So I started writing and writi

So my name is Amy Webb,我的名字呢，叫艾米·韦伯and a few years ago I found myself at the end几年前，我发现自己走到of yet another fantastic relationship又一段美好恋情的尽头that came burning down in a spectacular fashion.一切绚丽消逝And I thought, you know, what&#39s wrong with me?你说我，到底怎么了？I don&#39t understand why this keeps happening.真不

Well, one month later,一个月，之后I had a lot of data, and I was able to do another analysis.我收集了大量数据，足够再分析一回And as it turns out, content matters a lot.结果发现，内容很重要So smart people tend to write a lot --聪明的人，往往写很多 — —3,000, 4,000,3、4千5,000 words about themselves,甚至5千字，自我介绍which may all be very, very interest

Only 20 years later,仅仅20年后between 1920 and 1930,1920年至1930年间almost 200,000 people近 20万人were killed by cars in the United States.在美国死于车祸Only in 1925, almost 7,000 children在 1925年，近7000名儿童were killed by cars in the United States.在美国死于车祸So we could make different cities,所以我们可以创建不一样的城市cities that will g

When, in 1960, still a student,1960年我还是学生时，I got a traveling fellowship拿到出国留学的奖学金，to study housing in North America.研究北美的住宅建筑。We traveled the country.我们游遍美国，We saw public housing high-rise buildings in all major cities:看到所有大城市里的公共住宅大楼：New York, Philadelphia.象是纽约、费城。Those who have no choice lived the

I thought I would start with a very brief我觉得我得从城市的历史history of cities.简单说起Settlements typically began人们聚井而居with people clustered around a well, and the size揭开了典型的定居生活of that settlement was roughly the distance you could walk而这种定居的范围，也不过是你头顶着一盆水with a pot of water on your head.所能走的距离罢了In fact, if you

The will to live life differently can start想把生命活得与众不同的愿望in some of the most unusual places.能够在一些不平凡的地方实现This is where I come from, Todmorden.这是我的家乡，托德莫登It&#39s a market town in the north of England,是英格兰北部的一个城镇15,000 people, between Leeds and Manchester,一万五千人口，在利兹和曼彻斯特之间fairly normal market town.相当普通

I would also like to tell the world that animals love.我还想分享一下关于动物爱情的故事。There&#39s not an animal on this planet世界上任何一种动物that will copulate with anything that comes along.都不会饥不择食地寻找活物进行交配。Too old, too young, too scruffy, too stupid, and they won&#39t do it.太老的、太年轻的、太脏的或是太蠢笨的，它们都不会选择。Unless you&#39re s

So here&#39s two questions每当我思考这个问题that I have in my head when I think about this problem.两个疑问一直在我脑子里打转The first is:第一Are cities part of biology?城市是生物界的一部分吗Is London a great big whale?伦敦是一只大鲸鱼吗Is Edinburgh a horse?爱丁堡是一匹马吗Is Microsoft a great big anthill?微软是一座巨型蚁山吗What do we learn from that?我们从中能得到什

Cities are the crucible of civilization.城市是文明的熔炉They have been expanding,它们一直在扩张urbanization has been expanding,城市化的扩张速度at an exponential rate in the last 200 years在过去的200年里变得越来越快so that by the second part of this century,到了本世纪下半叶the planet will be completely dominated整个地球都将被城市by cities.所主宰Cities ar

We are the only ones who have an erotic life,人类是唯一过性生活的物种，which means that it&#39s sexuality transformed by the human imagination.所谓性生活完全是人类想象出来的东西We are the only ones who can make love for hours,人类也是唯一能持续几个小时做爱have a blissful time, multiple orgasms,有幸福时光，有多次高潮and touch nobody, just because we can i

Now the site itself was easy enough to build,网站本身是容易建成的，but the team was faced with the challenge但团队面临的挑战是of how they populate all of the content.他们如何填充所有内容。It would have taken the three of them这将会占用他们三个人a very long time,很长的时间，especially given that none of them are actually from Honolulu.特别是在他们都不是，檀

So, why does good sex so often fade,为何性爱的激情那么容易褪色？even for couples who continue to love each other as much as ever?就算是那些爱得如胶似漆的夫妇也无一例外。And why does good intimacy not guarantee good sex,为何亲密的爱情也无法维持激情的色彩呢？contrary to popular belief?这和我们普遍对性生活与爱情的关系的认知相违背。Or, the next question would be,或者说，换第二个问题:can

It goes up by 15 percent,对于所有事物都是如此and you have a 15 percent savings你还能节省on the infrastructure.15%的基础设施经费This, no doubt, is the reason这无疑就是why a million people a week are gathering in cities.城市每周新增一百万人口的原因Because they think that all those wonderful things --他们觉得那些美好的事物like creative people, wealth, i

So we said, we&#39ll, let&#39s look at new cities, and we&#39re involved所以我们说，看看这些新城市in a couple of new city projects in China.我们也要在中国弄几个新城市出来So we said, let&#39s start with that neighborhood cell.那我们就从社区单元开始着手吧We think of it as a compact urban cell.我们觉得这是一种紧凑的城市单元So provide most of what most people