Ilana Wexler's speech at 2004 Democratic Party Convention (July 27,2004)Ilana Wexler:My name is Ilana Wexler. I'm 12 years old, and I am the founder of "Kids for Kerry."Kids for Kerry is a grassroots organization of kids that support John Kerry, want to help their futures, and get active in politics

The second trap is a confusion between experience and memory第二个陷阱是经验和记忆间的混淆：basically, it&#39s between being happy in your life,基本上这是在生活中体会快乐and being happy about your life or happy with your life.与觉得生活很快乐以及对于你的生活满意之间的差别。And those are two very different concepts,这两者的意义相距甚远，and they&#39re both lumped

And if you would choose a different vacation,如果你选了个不同的假期，there is a conflict between your two selves,你的两个自我之间将会产生冲突，and you need to think about how to adjudicate that conflict,你得想法来裁决这场冲突，and it&#39s actually not at all obvious, because if you think in terms of time,这并不怎么容易，因为假若你仅考虑时间then you get on

This is an old study. Those are actual patients undergoing a painful procedure.这是一个古老的研究。一些真正的病人将会接受一种痛苦的治疗方法。I won&#39t go into detail. It&#39s no longer painful these days,细节不再详述。现今的疗法已不再如此难受，but it was painful when this study was run in the 1990s.但在研究进行的九十年代时，这种方法令人痛不欲生。They were asked to report

Everybody talks about happiness these days.最近大家都在谈论着快乐。I had somebody count the number of books with &quothappiness&quot in the title published in the last five years在过去的五年里，我请人数了近年来有多本书的书名中提到“快乐”，and they gave up after about 40, and there were many more.他们数到大约有40本，而且还有更多没数到的。There is a huge wave of

But now, because the reflective self is in charge,不过，既然现实由思考自我主导，you may end up -- some people may end up moving to California.一些人可能会得到这样一种结论，那就是搬到加州。And it&#39s sort of interesting to trace what is going to happen他们搬去加州是为了过上更快乐的生活，to people who move to California in the hope of getting happier.而追踪观

The distinction between the happiness of the experiencing self近年来，经验自我的快乐and the satisfaction of the remembering self has been recognized in recent years,和记忆自我的满足的差异性已能分清，and there are now efforts to measure the two separately.目前正努力来分别测度两者，The Gallup Organization has a world poll where more than hal

We know something about what controls satisfaction of the happiness self.我们知道什么能够让人的快乐得到满足。We know that money is very important, goals are very important.我们知道钱是很重要的，目标也非常重要。We know that happiness is mainly being satisfied with people that we like,我们知道要快乐是需要通过我们所喜爱的人来满足，spending time with people that

I mean, most of the moments of our life --我们生活中的大多片刻--and I calculated, you know, the psychological present is said to be about three seconds long我算了算--从心理学角度来说仅仅只是三秒长。that means that, you know, in a life there are about 600 million of them这意味着人一生中大约有六亿个片刻。in a month, there are about 600,000 -- most

I mean, how much do we consume our memories?我们使用了多少的记忆？That is one of the explanations that is given for the dominance of the remembering self.这可以解释记忆自我为何能成为主导的自我。And when I think about that, I think about a vacation we had in Antarctica a few years ago,这让我想起一次假期，几年前在南极度过的假期，which was clearly the be

And in this way, time is actually the critical variable因此时间是区分that distinguishes a remembering self from an experiencing self记忆自我和经验自我的关键因素。time has very little impact on the story.时间对这个故事的影响不大。Now, the remembering self does more than remember and tell stories.记忆自我所做的不仅是记忆和讲述故事。It is actually the on

What this is telling us, really,这告诉我们，is that we might be thinking of ourselves and of other people in terms of two selves.我们在思考自己和别人时，用了两种自我。There is an experiencing self,第一种则为经验自我，who lives in the present and knows the present, is capable of re-living the past,这种自我活在当下，洞察当下，同时也能回味过往，but basically

But Danny, the whole American endeavor is about life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness.可是丹尼，生命、自由和追求快乐是所有美国人奋斗的目标。If people took seriously that finding,假若大家都认真对待这一发现，I mean, it seems to turn upside down everything we believe about, like for example, taxation policy and so forth.那么，这将颠覆我们固有的观念，例如，课税

Thank you. I&#39ve got a question for you. Thank you so much.谢谢您的演讲。我有个问题想请教您。非常感谢您的演说。Now, when we were on the phone a few weeks ago,几星期前，我们有过一次电话通讯，you mentioned to me that there was quite an interesting result came out of that Gallup survey.当时您提到您从盖洛普的调查中发现了一个有趣的现象。Is that something you can share

From the point of view of the experiencing self, clearly, B had a worse time.从经验自我的角度来看，病人B显然是比较难受的。Now, what you could do with Patient A, and we actually ran clinical experiments,那么病人A的情况该如何解释，我们实际做了一个临床试验，and it has been done, and it does work当实验完成时，我们也得到了预期的结果，you could actually extend the colono

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