One illustration of the transformational power of technology is in Kibera.一个与科技改革力量有关的例子发生在基贝拉Kibera is one of Africa&#39s largest slums.基贝拉是非洲最大的贫民窟之一It&#39s on the outskirts of Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya.位于肯亚首都内罗毕郊区It&#39s home to an unknown number of people -- some say between 250,000 and

In Nigeria,在尼日利亚open-source SMS tools are being used by the Red Cross community workers红十字会的工作人员也在使用开放的短信工具to gather information from the local community他们从当地社区里收集资料in an attempt to better understand and mitigate the prevalence of malaria.为了更好地理解和控制疟疾的扩散My colleague, Jason Peat, who runs this progra

One illustration of the transformational power of technology is in Kibera.一个与科技改革力量有关的例子发生在基贝拉Kibera is one of Africa&#39s largest slums.基贝拉是非洲最大的贫民窟之一It&#39s on the outskirts of Nairobi, the capital city of Kenya.位于肯亚首都内罗毕郊区It&#39s home to an unknown number of people -- some say between 250,000 and

Technology is also not going to change who you choose to love.同样科技也改变不了你的择偶对象。I study the biology of personality, and I&#39ve come to believe that we&#39ve evolved four very broad styles of thinking and behaving,我研究生物心理学，我开始相信人类已经进化出了四个广义的思考及行为方式，linked with the dopamine, serotonin, testosterone and

Now, it&#39s not just an English problem.实际上，不仅英国存在这样的的问题。OECD this year released some figures looking at numeracy in young people,OECD今年发布了一些关于青少年计算能力的数据，and leading the way, the USA -- nearly 40 percent of young people in the US have low numeracy.名单里领先的是美国，大约40%的美国青少年算术能力低下。Now, England is there t

Along with this, we see a rise of a host of beliefs:不仅如此，各种信仰开始传播：the belief of virginity at marriage, arranged marriages -- strictly arranged marriages坚信婚前必须保持处女身，包办婚姻（严格安排的婚姻），the belief that the man is the head of the household, that the wife&#39s place is in the home and most important,坚信男性是一家之主

Well, I&#39ve got three points here, right?好的，我分为三点来说。First of all, to your first one: there&#39s no question that we&#39ve changed,首先，回答你第一个问题：人类变了，这一点毋庸置疑，that we now want a person to love, and for thousands of years,现在人们依然渴望爱情，而几千年来，we had to marry the right person from the right background and r

Thank you so much for that, Helen. As you know, there&#39s another speaker here with us that works in your same field.感谢您的演讲，海伦。今天还有另一位演讲者，她和您在相同的领域里做研究。She comes at it from a different perspective. Esther Perel is a psychotherapist who works with couples.不过是从不同的视角来分析问题。诶斯特·佩雷斯从事情侣心理治疗师的工作。You study

We did it in the larger culture, and we&#39re doing it in marriage.在其他文化中我们已经这么做了，现在我们把它带到婚姻中。Right, no question about it. But it&#39s interesting, the millennials actually want to be very good parents是的，这一点毫无疑问。但有趣的是，如今千禧一代非常渴望成为合格的家长，whereas the generation above them wants to have a very fine marr

How is technology changing love? I&#39m going to say almost not at all.科技改变了爱吗？我认为没有。I study the brain. I and my colleagues have put over 100 people into a brain scanner我从事大脑研究。我和我的同事们对100多人进行了大脑扫描，people who had just fallen happily in love, people who had just been rejected in love and people who a

So we&#39ve created what I call this thing of &quotstable ambiguity.&quot这种现象我称为“稳定的模棱两可”。Stable ambiguity is when you are too afraid to be alone but also not really willing to engage in intimacy-building.它指的是你害怕被剩下来，孤独终老，但又不愿打开心扉，与人建立亲密关系。It&#39s a set of tactics that kind of prolong the uncertaint

So I devised a quiz: How well do you know your area?对此我设计了一个测试：你对你居住的地区了解多少？It&#39s a simple Web app.这是一个简单的网络应用。You put in a post code and then it will ask you questions based on census data for your local area.输入邮编，它会根据你所在地区的普查数据给你提出问题。And I was very conscious in designing this.我在设计时有特别注意。I wanted

So it began to occur to me: during this long extension of the precommitment stage,于是我突然想到：在这个长期婚前准备期，if you can get rid of bad relationships before you marry, maybe we&#39re going to see more happy marriages.如果你在婚前摆脱了一段糟糕的情感关系，或许就会有更多美满的婚姻。So I did a study of 1,100 married people in America -- not o

But technology is producing one modern trend that I find particularly important.但科技正在制造一种当代潮流，我认为它尤为重要。It&#39s associated with the concept of paradox of choice.它和选择悖论这一概念相关。For millions of years, we lived in little hunting and gathering groups.千万年来，人类都生活在小型狩猎及采集社会。You didn&#39t have the opportunity

Back in 2003, the UK government carried out a survey.早在2003年，英国政府进行了一项调查。And it was a survey that measured levels of numeracy in the population.目的是了解国民的算术能力。And they were shocked to find out that for every 100 working age adults in the country, 47 of them lacked Level 1 numeracy skills.结果非常让人吃惊，在英国，

I was recently traveling in the Highlands of New Guinea, and I was talking with a man who had three wives.最近，我正在新几内亚高地旅行，我访谈了一位有三个老婆的人。I asked him, &quotHow many wives would you like to have?&quot我问他：“你想要多少个老婆？”And there was this long pause, and I thought to myself,他停顿了很长时间，我就想，&quotIs he going to s

It&#39s the part of mathematics that even mathematicians don&#39t particularly like,统计是数学的一部分，但是它是连数学家都不怎么喜欢的那一部分，because whereas the rest of maths is all about precision and certainty, statistics is almost the reverse of that.因为与其它讲究精确与确定性的数学领域不同，统计学几乎是反其道而行之。But actually, I was a late convert to t

So extraordinary variations, and surprising to some,如此巨大的差异震惊了一些人，but not surprising to people who have read the work of Daniel Kahneman, for example, the Nobel-winning economist.但是对一些人来说并不惊讶，比如阅读过诺贝尔经济学奖获得者丹尼尔·卡内曼的研究成果的人。He and his colleague, Amos Tversky, spent years researching this disjoint betw

And I was so thrilled with this study, I started to take questions out in presentations. I was referring to it.我对这个研究感到很兴奋，并开始在各种演讲中提出这个问题。Now, I did a presentation at St. Paul&#39s School for Girls in Hammersmith,我曾经在哈默史密斯的圣保罗女子中学做过一个演讲，and I had an audience rather like this, except it was comprise

There&#39s no question that technology is changing the way we court:可以肯定的一点是，科技正在改变人类的求爱方式：emailing, texting, emojis to express your emotions, sexting, &quotliking&quot a photograph, selfies.电子邮件、短信、表达情感的符号、色情短信、给照片或自拍点赞。We&#39re seeing new rules and taboos for how to court.关于如何求爱有了新的规则和禁忌。But, you

And I stumbled, then, on a statistic that really came home to me.结果我发现了一个震惊的数据。It was a very interesting academic article in which I found that 67 percent of singles in America today who are living long-term with somebody,一篇极其有趣的学术文章，发现67%的处于长期同居的美国未婚人士，have not yet married because they are terrifie

How about the next question? This is asking about what the average age is,那么下一个问题呢？这是问关于年龄的中位数，so the age at which half the population are younger and half the population are older.也就是该地区大于和小于这个年龄的人口数相等。And I thought 35 -- that sounds middle-aged to me.我以为是35--那对我来说是中年。Actually, in Exeter, it&#39s i

In a pre-flight news conference in the summer of 19691969年夏天，在一次飞行前的新闻发布会上Neil Armstrong said, &quotI think we&#39re going to the moon because it is in the nature of the human being to face challenges.尼尔·阿姆斯特朗说，“我认为我们要去月球，因为人类要面临挑战。It&#39s by the nature of his deep inner soul&quot.这是他的本性深层的内在灵魂。”A f

I&#39m fascinated with the idea of what happens when you merge biology with technology,我非常着迷于这点子，要是把科技和生物学融合在一起会发生什么，and I remember reading about this idea of being able to reprogram biology, in the future, away from disease and aging.我记得曾经读过一个点子，是关于在未来我们可以通过改变生物内在编码来克服疾病与衰老。And I thought about this

I call myself a body architect.我自称为一名人体建筑师。I trained in classical ballet and have a background in architecture and fashion.我学过古典芭蕾，也有建筑以及时尚的相关背景。As a body architect, I fascinate with the human body and explore how I can transform it.作为一个人体建筑师，我真的十分痴迷于人的身体以及我怎样才能改造它。I worked at Philips Electronics in

But perhaps that&#39s not the case. Perhaps instead, it&#39s the distortions brought to us of what&#39s really going on.但事实或许并不是这样，我们所接受的信息是被扭曲的。Perhaps the tremendous progress we&#39ve made over the last century by a series of forces are,我们的社会在上世纪一系列事件的影响下，所经历的巨大的进步正在不断加速，in fact, accelerating to a

Underpinning much of this is technology, and of late, exponentially growing technologies.而这一切的基础是科技。和近代指数式增长的科技。My good friend Ray Kurzweil showed that any tool that becomes an information technology jumps on this curve,我的好朋友雷·库兹威尔展示了任何信息科技的工具 都遵从这条曲线，on Moore&#39s Law, and experiences price perform

(Video) Announcer: Threats, in the wake of Bin Laden&#39s death, have spiked.（视频）播音员：在本拉登被击毙后，恐怖威胁数量激增。Famine in Somalia. Announcer Three: Police pepper spray.索马里出现饥荒。警察使用胡椒喷雾。Vicious cartels. Caustic cruise lines. Societal decay.凶恶的毒枭。破裂的游轮。社会风气败坏。65 dead. Announcer Eight: Tsunami warning. Announce

But, of course, for most of us, we know how to grow teeth, and therefore we can take adult stem teeth, put them on a biodegradable mold, re-grow a tooth, and simply implant it.当然，我们大多数人，我们知道怎样生长牙齿，所以我们能取出成人的干细胞，放进一个能生物降解的模具，再生长出牙齿，就能很方便地植入它。And we can do it with other things. So, a Spanish woman who

And, of course, the future is looking back 200 years, because next week is the 200th anniversary of Darwin&#39s birth.当然，未来是往回看200年，因为下周是达尔文诞辰200周年。And it&#39s the 150th anniversary of the publication of &quotThe Origin of Species.&quot And Darwin, of course, argued that evolution is a natural state