Chapter one is 1949 to 1991, when the Soviet Union broke up,第一个时期从1949年到1991年苏联解体and what we were dealing with, at that point and through those years, was a superpowers&#39 nuclear arms race.我们要关注的是在这些年间有一场超级大国之间的核军备竞赛It was characterized by a nation-versus-nation, very fragile standoff.这场核军备竞赛最主要的特

Seven million ship cargo containers come into the United States every year.每年有七百万集装箱货船驶入美国Five to seven percent only are inspected -- five to seven percent.其中只有百分之五到七接受了检查--百分之五到七This is Alexander Lebed, who was a general that worked with Yeltsin,这是亚历山大·列别德，他是和叶利钦时代的将军who talked about, and presented

Data. Data is inherently unsexy, but it can jumpstart an area&#39s recovery.看看数据。数据一向很枯燥，但能极大推动一个地区的重建FEMA and the state will pay 85 percent of the cost of a federally declared disaster,FEMA和所在州会支付联邦宣布的灾害事件85%的损失leaving the town to pay last 15 percent of the bill.其余15%需要城镇自行承担Now that expense can be

Three years ago, I was standing about a hundred yards from Chernobyl nuclear reactor number four.三年前，我站在距离切尔诺贝利第四号核子反应炉大约一百码外。My Geiger counter dosimeter, which measures radiation, was going berserk,我的盖革放射量测定器，用来测量辐射量，指数狂飙，and the closer I got, the more frenetic it became, and frantic. My God.当我越接近，

This is the skyline of my hometown, New Orleans.这是我家乡新奥尔兰的天际线，It was a great place to grow up,这是一个适合长大的地方。but it&#39s one of the most vulnerable spots in the world.但这也是这世上最脆弱的地方之一，Half the city is already below sea level.一半的城市都已经低于海平面了。In 2005, the world watched as New Orleans在2005年，全世界目睹了，新奥尔兰and t

I&#39d like to share three sets of examples, starting with adapting to violent storms and floods.我想分享三个例子，开始于适应猛烈的暴风雨和洪水。In New Orleans, the I-10 Twin Spans, with sections knocked out in Katrina,在新奥尔南，1-10双拱桥因其中一个被击垮，have been rebuilt 21 feet higher to allow for greater storm surge.已经重建高21码去适应更猛烈的浪潮

So, a big question that we&#39re facing now and have been for quite a number of years now:我们现在面临一个大问题，这个问题已经持续了很多年：are we at risk of a nuclear attack?我们是否处于遭受核袭击的危险之中呢？Now, there&#39s a bigger question that&#39s probably actually more important than that,现在，有一个更大的问题，这个问题可能比刚刚提到的那个问题更重要is the notion

Seven million ship cargo containers come into the United States every year.每年有七百万集装箱货船驶入美国Five to seven percent only are inspected -- five to seven percent.其中只有百分之五到七接受了检查--百分之五到七This is Alexander Lebed, who was a general that worked with Yeltsin,这是亚历山大·列别德，他是和叶利钦时代的将军who talked about, and presented

We didn&#39t get our authority from the board of selectmen我们既没有得到行政委员会的授权or the emergency management director or the United Way.也没有被应急办主任或是Uited Way批准We just started answering questions and making decisions because someone, anyone, had to.我们只不过开始回答问题并且做出决定，因为必须有人这么做And why not me? I&#39m a campaign

Health studies from the region are conflicting and fraught.针对那个地区做的健康研究都很矛盾又漏洞百出。The World Health Organization puts the number of Chernobyl-related deaths at 4,000, eventually.世界卫生组织估计与切尔诺贝利事件相关的死亡人数有4,000人。Greenpeace and other organizations put that number in the tens of thousands.绿色和平和其它组织估计有上万人。N

Now around Chernobyl, there are scattered ghost villages,如今切尔诺贝利附近到处是毫无人烟的村庄，eerily silent, strangely charming, bucolic, totally contaminated.静得吓人，诡谲迷人的气息，一片荒芜，完全受到污染。Many were bulldozed under at the time of the accident,在那次的意外中有许多房屋被铲平，but a few are left like this, kind of silent vestiges to the tr

After a lethal 1995 heat wave在历经了1995年致命热浪侵袭后，turned refrigerator trucks from the popular Taste of Chicago festival into makeshift morgues,它将那些在芝加哥美食庆典的冷藏车转换成临时搭建的停尸间Chicago became a recognized leader,芝加哥成为大家公认的绿能都市的领导者tamping down on the urban heat island impact through opening cooling centers,将原本热

Data. Data is inherently unsexy, but it can jumpstart an area&#39s recovery.看看数据。数据一向很枯燥，但能极大推动一个地区的重建FEMA and the state will pay 85 percent of the cost of a federally declared disaster,FEMA和所在州会支付联邦宣布的灾害事件85%的损失leaving the town to pay last 15 percent of the bill.其余15%需要城镇自行承担Now that expense can be

Here we go. OK.好的，我们来亲眼看看吧I&#39m back in my truck, and we drove over the Brooklyn Bridge.回到我刚才提到的卡车，我们把它开到布鲁克林大桥We&#39re coming down, and we bring that truck that you just saw somewhere in here, in the Financial District.我们一路开往市中心，我们把车开到你刚看到的金融区的某个地方This is a 10-kiloton bomb, slightly smaller than w

And what happens is -- this is -- I&#39m going to show you now some fallout plumes.接下来将要发生的－这是－我现在要向大家演示放射性坠尘。Within 20 minutes, it comes straight down.在20分钟内，坠尘直线下落；Within 24 hours, lethal radiation is going out with prevailing winds,24小时内，致命的辐射将随着盛行风飘散and it&#39s mostly in this particular directio

And what happened was -- when we get in to chapter two of the nuclear threat era, which started back in 1945.而现实是当我们进入1945年开始的核威胁时期的第二阶段Chapter two starts in 1991.第二个阶段是从1991年开始的When the Soviet Union broke up,当苏联解体之后we effectively lost that adversary as a potential attacker of the United States, for

Now this situation, already I -- you know, I don&#39t really like thinking about this,对于这个情况，你们知道，我并不愿意去想这个问题although somehow I got myself a job where I have to think about it.虽然我阴差阳错地得到了一份工作使我不得不去想So the point is that we&#39re very, very insecure in terms of developing this material.重点是，我们发展这些裂变物质是

And one of the greatest governmental delusions of all time政府有史以来最大的幻想之一was something that happened in the early days of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA, as we now know,是由早期的联邦紧急情况管理署（FEMA）提出的and are well aware of their behaviors from Katrina.我们在卡特里娜飓风的时候已经领教过FEMA的本事了Here is their first

And the farther you are away in distance,你距离爆炸点的距离越远越好the longer it is in time from the initial blast距离爆炸的时间越长越好and the more separation between you and the outside atmosphere, the better.尽可能地将自己和外界隔绝开来So separation -- hopefully with dirt or concrete, or being in a basement --所以，与外界隔绝隔绝--最好是用泥土和水泥隔绝，

That was me in front of our house in Monson, Massachusetts last June.那个就是我，在麻省的Monson，我们的房子前面，After an EF3 tornado ripped straight through our town and took parts of our roof off,一股EF3级龙卷风袭击了这里，掀翻了我们的屋顶I decided to stay in Massachusetts instead of pursuing the master&#39s program我决定留在麻省，而不是去读硕士I had

This was basically an attempt to teach our schoolchildren这个算是尝试着教正在上学的孩子们that if we did get engaged in a nuclear confrontation and atomic war,如果我们真的被卷入一次核冲突或者核战争then we wanted our school children to kind of basically duck and cover.我们希望我们的孩子们迅速躲到桌子下面That was the principle. You -- there would be a nu

Beyond these technical solutions,除了这些技术层面的措施意外，our work at the Georgetown Climate Center with communities我们位于乔治城气候中心和社区共同工作encourages them to look at what existing legal and policy tools are available鼓励他们参考现存的法律和政策and to consider how they can accommodate change.并且考虑如何才能适应变化。For example, in land use,

Certain appalling events in history stay with us in the form of particular images某些可怕的历史事件陪伴我们的是特定的图片，and in the case of the Hillsborough disaster the image that sticks in my mind is that of fans being pulled to the safety of the upper tier在希尔斯伯勒发生的惨案仍然印在我的脑海里，球迷被上边的人拉到安全区的上排，by the people above and

&quotHelp me, Dad.&quot爸爸，救我！Those were the last words spoken by Kate Steinle as she lay dying on a San Francisco pier这是凯特·斯坦勒的临终遗言，她的生命终结在了旧金山的一处码头a precious young American woman killed in the prime of her life.一条宝贵的生命，一名年轻的美国女性，在她最美好的年华命丧他手。Kate&#39s death is a tragedy that was entirely preventabl

No American should be separated from their loved ones because of preventable crime committed by those illegally in our country.就因为国内这些本可预防的非法移民犯罪，国人就要与亲人分离，这绝不应该。Our cities should be Sanctuaries for Americans - not for criminal aliens.我们的城市应该是美国人的避难所-不是犯罪的外国人。Unfortunately, Democrats in Congress not